Note: T271: Problem of proper assessment. Subjective judgment requires great caution. Arnold: the six voice types - Soprano| Mezzosoprano| Contralto| Tenor| Baritone| and Bass, are are natural and inborn, physiological rather than cultural. Each has three registers: Head, Middle, and Chest. Average voice extends two octaves. Lomax expresses reluctance to adopt terminology from opera singing (soprano, tenor, etc.). Arnold suggests parameters for notation of register change: very high and high, or middle and low. In yodeling there is characteristic jumping between very high and very low. If register is narrow then it stays in one register or hovers on border between two registers. Nasality (lowered palate) requires relaxation. Parameter for nasality might coincide with tension versus relaxation. They listen to samples of Native American Kiowa singing. Arnold: Term ?attack? applies only to vowels, accentuation to consonants. Some languages (Malay) have no accents. Arnold notes that Kiowa sing in C major type scale (though microtonal).