Note: Analysis of market singer from Madagascar with pronounced buzz or grate who uses long tones indicative of reserves of breath resources. Paul Moses: He is a professional fortissimo yeller with buzz from thickened vocal cords (human vocal chords are not really chords but lip-like folds), sound produced without soreness or strain. In excellent condition with fantastic breath control. Has limited range with certain heaviness communicating strength but not flexibility. Analysis of sample from New Guinea. Man crying "U-ba, u-ba." Moses notes crescendo and feeling of space. Singer is very athletic with powerful abdominal support of tone. Could repeat it fifty times without getting tired. Register, very mixed, plenty of top in the tone, glottis closed, no rasp. Alan imitates but without flexible crescendo, according to Moses, is uniformly loud. During this discussion Dr. Moses has a realization that folk singing is not "bad" singing but makes expressive use of overtones and resources such as nasality not available to art singers. Sample of New Guinea game song, sung very softly as though to self, some breathiness, low level of energy. Alan Lomax: This is a message of isolation and low-grade anxiety, the opposite of an outreaching gesture, unearthly and impersonal. Physiology of vocal breathiness.